When taxes are introduced on carbon and energy, and the revenue is used to reduce other taxes, will a positive effect be achieved both for the environment and for the economy? In 1990 Finland was the first country to introduce a tax on CO2. Later, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Slovenia, Germany...

In accordance with Directive 2003/87/EC of October 13, 2003, trade in greenhouse gas emissions commenced in the European Union (EU) on January 1, 2005. The EU-Emissions Trading System (EU-ETS) was born. The EU has a Value Added Tax (VAT). VAT is a transaction-based levy on all trade in goods and...

To realize international emission reduction targets, the European Union introduced a scheme for emission allowance trading. Despite large resistance from countries and companies, aviation activities were included in the scope of the trading scheme. In Air Transport Ass'n of America v. Secretary...

The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the world’s first regional carbon trading market. Its objective is to link European countries around a common price for carbon as a step towards helping the global economy transition to a low-carbon production base. This article is one of...

Effective January 1, 2012, the European Union (EU) instituted the first emissions trading scheme (ETS) for aviation which affected the domestic and international commercial airline industry flying into and out of the EU. The EU established the ETS to counter the global aviation sector’s role...

European electricity industry has recently come through liberalization. Surge of intakes with high share of cross-border deals was market players’ response. Measuring of post-merger performance alterations is a central question of M&A literature. EU energy sector is responsible for significant...

The working paper concerns the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) and its climate provision. It addresses the “When”, “Where”, and “How”. The “When” concerns when the CAI may enter into force. The paper provides an overview of some of the current issues that may...