We analyze existing definitions of carbon leakage and propose a new rigorous one. This is then tested using computable general equilibrium analysis for unilateral carbon dioxide abatement programs in the European Union in 2020, adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate...

Poland is responsible for 9% of CO2 emission in the European Union (EU), making it the fifth biggest emitter in the region. The energy sector is dominated by electricity produced from coal (around 70%). The country currently uses massive subsidies to boost the coal sector. We propose a dynamic...