This paper addresses key issues to consider in designing international policies and institutions to encourage technology innovation and transfer of clean energy technologies. The first part of the paper presents a conceptual framework so-called Research & Development, Demonstration, Deployment,...

Global warming and climate change are caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rising energy consumption due to population and economic growth. Over the past decade, information and communication technology (ICT) usage has increased which may increase energy utilization and...