There is a lot of forward looking work attempting to envisage the decarbonised energy system of the future as reflected with current interest in "smart grids". A central tenet behind most visions of the "smart grids" of the future are the price signals that financial and commodity markets will...

The trading of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission allowances, or permits, has been established in recent years as one of the primary mechanisms for tackling global warming and climate change. The European Union (EU) has taken an important initiative in this direction by establishing in 2003 the first...

We examine climate transition risk in New Zealand (NZ) equities given that NZ's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dominated by agricultural emissions and that carbon pricing has been in place since 2008. Only around half of NZX50 companies disclose emissions and that disclosure is driven by,...

The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is an intensity-based system and the second oldest national ETS. It is unique in that it is highly international (with unlimited use of Kyoto allowances) and it incorporates forestry. We provide the first empirical analysis of the determinants of...

We explore the history and current status of green energy finance in Australia and New Zealand. Although both countries have enviable renewable energy resources with a 100% renewable mix considered feasible, the two countries present highly contrasting contexts for energy finance. Currently, and...

The European Union (EU) has redefined the energy sphere in Europe over the last three decades. Transnational policies targeting liberalization and integration, energy efficiency, renewables, carbon pricing, and energy security have led to major steps forward in terms of a more secure,...

The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is an intensity-based system and the second oldest national ETS. It is unique in that it is highly international (with unlimited use of Kyoto allowances) and it incorporates forestry. We provide the first empirical analysis of the determinants of...

The New Zealand Emission Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) is the second oldest national ETS in the world and is unique in that it includes forestry as a carbon sink (a source of unit supply). Further, NZ ETS has been subject to many policy changes including a switch from allowing unlimited importation of...