emissions or energy consumption penalties makes the optimization model closer to supply sources while having higher land rental …. Results: The numerical results show that carbon emissions and energy consumption penalties affect optimal biorefinery … selections and supply chain decisions. Conclusions: We conclude that there is no need to penalize both emissions and energy use …

The Global Methane Pledge to reduce emissions by at least 30 per cent by 2030, was signed by more than 100 countries at … the COP26 Conference in November 2021. Reducing methane emissions from fossil fuel sources by up to 75 per cent by 2030 … has been identified as an essential contribution to reducing the rate of global temperature increase. The EU Methane …

infrastructure which has been developed, zero carbon gases will need to be developed, and natural gas (methane) will need to be … 2050 (or around 25-30% of gas demand in the late 2010s. Therefore, large scale hydrogen production from reforming methane … decarbonized narratives backed by investments which allow for commercialization of renewable gas and methane decarbonization …

The authors use FUND 3.9 to estimate the social cost of four greenhouse gases-carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide … sensitivity, discounting, equity weighting, and socioeconomic and emissions assumptions. They also estimate the global damage … GWPs may be underestimating the relative importance of reducing non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions from a climate …