This article assesses what contribution supplementary measures might make in the face of a legislated emissions trading scheme. The proposed Australian Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme is discussed briefly to outline the essential features of this Scheme. Then measures such as renewable energy...

This article assesses the prospects for liable entities under Australia’s proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) to rely on international and domestic offset credits. This is crucially important for liable entities as, under the CPRS, they must surrender a permit for every tonne of...

Given the absence of comprehensive, economy-wide regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and its state-level counterparts have been on the frontline of the climate change fight. Indeed, the issue of when and how project proponents must evaluate (1) a...

This article analyzes the American Clean Energy and Security Act under international environmental law and standards. The Act requires that importers pay a fee if certain requirements regarding the country and sector are satisfied. The article presents general difficulties with enforcing...

This chapter reviews the current status of and prospects for efforts to include emissions from deforestation (and international forest carbon activities in general) in emerging greenhouse gas compliance regimes at the international level; future iterations of the European Union Emissions Trading...

The article describes the world-wide efforts or the lack thereof to combat climate change in the last 25 years. The article asks whether the world has to wait until the adversity actually sets in before effective action is taken; whether the failure to act is caused because people have not yet...

Zimbabwe is currently struggling with a persistent energy crisis that has been exacerbated by a drawn out economic meltdown. Unplanned electricity outages and scarcity of petroleum products are now the order of the day. Electricity shortages have been a perennial challenge for the whole region...

Future U.S. legislation to curb the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) seems likely to include enforcement provisions and to give the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and individual U.S. states significant roles in enforcing its provisions. Following an overview of U.S. environmental...

This article explores the difficulties faced by regulators when they decide to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. For a long time, there was sufficient scientific uncertainty as to encourage a 'wait and see' approach. More recently, as the science has hardened with the release of the IPCC Fourth...

Ocean acidification, the changing chemistry of the oceans as they absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, is likely to transform many aspects of the global marine environment by mid century, with severe impacts expected for calcifying organisms. This chapter examines how ocean acidification...