spending is distributed across the population. This paper uses administrative National Health Service (NHS) hospital records to … examine key features of public hospital spending in England. We describe how costs vary across the lifecycle, and the … after age 70. Spending is highly concentrated in a small section of the population: with 32% of all hospital spending …

Prospective payment arrangements are now the main form of hospital funding in most developed countries. An essential … evolved to incentivise improvements in quality, and how prospective payment is being applied outside hospital settings. …