This paper provides a textbook example of integration between commodity markets, and the subsequent price convergence … or absence thereof. We analyze price relations between spot markets for natural gas in Europe. We apply time …-varying coefficient estimation applying the Kalman filter, to test whether price convergence between different locations is really taking …

became physically integrated. The oil-linked Continental gas price became dominant, due to both the large volume of the … opening up of the Interconnector (1998) the UK gas market had neither government price regulation nor a physical Continental … oil and electricity, took place. Using monthly price data, we find a highly integrated market where wholesale demand seems …

This study examines the price transmission between cotton prices in U.S., Indian, and Chinese futures markets. We focus … on studying the long-run price movements using cointegration and alternate causality tests. The empirical results … indicate the following: (a) the U.S. cotton futures market continues to be the most dominant market, and it leads price changes …