We propose newly developed unsmoothing techniques for appraisal-based real estate returns based on a regime-switching Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) model. We show that when true returns follow a TAR process, conventional linear autoregressive technique are misspecified and underestimate true...

In contrast to the United States and the United Kingdom, little empirical work exists about the distributional characteristics of appraisal-based real estate returns outside these countries. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap by focusing on Germany. In line with other studies, this...

This book advances a new theory of why nationalism emerged in the modern world. In particular it explains why nationalism and economic development are closely linked, and why warfare plays a crucial role in the spread of the nation-state system. It is based on qualitative and quantitative...