This paper studies the effect of market structure on the diffusion of e-commerce technologies. These include self-serve electronic check-in/-out kiosks, online retail outlets, online customer-service centers, and e-banking, which reduce costs for firms relative to their old, non-electronic...

The deregulation of the U.K. natural gas industry has facilitated new entry and competition in almost all segments of the industry except pipeline transportation. The new regulatory framework, developed largely by the Office of Gas Regulation (Ofgas), has allowed market forces to stimulate a...