focus on the effects of antenatal parental smoking and maternal labor supply net of other maternal behavior and child … characteristics. We find that maternal smoking during pregnancy reduces birth weight and fetal growth, while paternal smoking has …, although the effects in this case are weaker. -- Birth outcomes ; smoking ; mother's work ; sibling estimators ; instrumental …

's decision to smoke is determined by culture. For each country, we use retrospective data to describe individual smoking … accurately relative to the extant literature. Our proxy predicts smoking participation of second-generation British immigrants … other outcomes when retrospective or longitudinal data are available. -- Culture ; Immigrant health ; Smoking …