reassessment, we estimate employment responses to loss or reduction of benefits. We find that among those who left disability … insurance due to the reform, 57% were employed in the primary labor market and 38% had neither employment nor benefit income …. The consequences of leaving disability insurance sharply differed by pre-reform employment status. 62% of those without …

employment of SMEs as a whole is inevitably low. The rate of increase in per capita value-added for large firms was made possible … by a steep decline in the rate of increase for employment. After the Asian Financial Crisis, SMEs began to catch up with …

Those in employment are people above a specified age who, during a specified period, were in paid employment or self-employment …. People in paid employment during the reference period performed some work for a wage or salary, in cash or in kind, or they …