Income Tax and National Insurance are now sufficiently similar that merging them appears to be a plausible option, yet still sufficiently different that integration raises significant difficulties. This paper surveys the potential benefits of integration – increased transparency and reduced...

The traditional avoidance literature undeservedly neglects tax base distribution as a factor affecting the avoidance price, and generally assumed to be equal to the avoidance cost. In reality, avoidance providers are usually either high-skilled specialists or insiders. The strong collusion thus,...

Employment tax credit programs have been repeatedly used during economic crises, although their usefulness is empirically contestable. The objective of this paper is to quantify the tax effects of employment tax credit programs. A recent revision of the German inheritance tax law provides an...

If interpreted in a strict legal sense, beneficial ownership rules in tax treaties would have no effect on conduit companies because companies at law own their property and income beneficially. Conversely, a company can never own anything in a substantive sense because economically a company is...

Employment tax credit programs have been repeatedly used during economic crises, although their usefulness is empirically contestable. The objective of this paper is to quantify the tax effects of employment tax credit programs. A recent revision of the German inheritance tax law provides an...

- A combined practical and theoretical comparison of UK and EU corporate finance law giving unique perspectives and a forward looking approach.- Addresses key issues arising from the financial crisis, such as the scope for innovation in legal markets, as well as anticipating issues likely to be...

The current capital gains tax law stipulates that the tax rate for short-term investment (gains and losses) and long-term losses is equal to an investor's marginal ordinary income tax rate, which implies that this rate for low income investors can be significantly lower than that for high income...

Many EU Member States only grant tax incentives to resident charities. This limits the choice of donors and restricts the free movement of capital. The paper discusses this problem and the action taken by the European Commission, the ECJ (the Stauffer and Persche cases) and private organisations

Section 11 applies a bracket system to corporations, imposing lower tax rates on lower amounts of corporate income. Similarly, section 1 applies a bracket system to individuals. The bracket system in section 1 is intended to adjust the tax rate to the taxpayer's standard of living. Modest and...