We analyse the potential for shifting freight transports to the railways in Western and Central Europe. This potential arises for large and concentrated freight flows over long distances of about 300 km or more. However, we show that there are only few such freight flows in Europe, and that they...

Given the debate on transparency in non-equity markets associated with the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II), a sound understanding of how these markets operate today is needed to identify potential market failures and to assess the impact of proposed regulatory...