.K. business entities, including the U.S. corporation, general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability partnership, and … limited liability company, and the U.K. limited company, general partnership, limited partnership, and limited liability … liability exposure for breaches of duty in each jurisdiction, yet provides only quite limited capacity to carve back at the …

Despite widespread disagreement as to its merits, the doctrine of limited liability was formally introduced into … English law by the Limited Liability Act 1855. The Joint Stock Companies Act 1856 substantially modified the 1855 Act …, effectively rendering limited liability available as of right. It also extended the doctrine to Scots law. Prior to these …

by their subsidiaries. Under the new EU Directive on Antitrust Damages Actions, parent company liability is likely to be … instruments, in particular the individual liability of executives and employees. On this basis, I conclude that it is primarily … the existence of these functional substitutes that explains why a need for parent company liability has not arisen in US …

analysis reveals that the corporate governance in these firms in terms of liability, voice and exit faces important design …