end rationing quickly, regained power. It is unclear how rationing affected households’ expenditure adjustments in the … short and long run. Our results show that income and own-price elasticities varied considerably in both the short and long … and in the postwar period. There is evidence that households were unable to make typical long-run desired expenditure …

We merge detailed household level expenditure data from older households with historical local weather information. We … standard deviations colder than expected (which occur about one winter month in forty) and reductions in food expenditure are …

The US Financial Diaries track the daily finances of low and moderate-income households over a year. The households … faced substantial swings in income from month to month. On average, they experienced 2.7 months when income fell more than … 25 percent below average, and 2.7 months when income was more than 25 percent above average. The volatility is summarized …