This paper incorporates the cost of adjustment between observed and optimal leverage in explaining the variation in firm's equity or bank-debt financing investments. Using a dynamic adjustment approach identifies the determinants to capital structure between different financial systems. In...

This paper incorporates the cost of adjustment between observed and optimal leverage in explaining the variation in firm?s equity or bank-debt financing investments. Using a dynamic adjustment approach identifies the determinants to capital structure between different financial systems. In...

This paper addresses two questions: what, if anything, is the influence of geographic concentration of economic activity on patterns of foreign direct investment; what is the relationship, if any, between geographic concentration of economic activity, multinationality and innovation. The paper...