; education; and other services are among the sectors most affected. The SME jobs at risk due to business failures related to … decline in the common equity tier 1 capital ratio. We also evaluate the cost and effectiveness of various policy interventions … product). However, at a similar level of effectiveness, nontargeted subsidies can be substantially more expensive (1 …

, Education, and Other Services are among the most affected sectors. The jobs at risk due to COVID-19 related SME business … in the common equity Tier-1 capital ratio. We evaluate the cost and effectiveness of various policy interventions. The … of effectiveness, non-targeted subsidies can be substantially more expensive (1.82% of GDP). Our results have important …

manufacturing SMEs. By focussing on self-reported innovation the study achieves a wider coverage of the effects of SME innovation …. Combining these two results and comparing the outlays on SME innovation policy with the estimated effects suggests that policy … was efficient as well as effective. There is evidence that SME tax credits were expensive compared with earlier support …