the trade performance which leads to decline in economic growth in Pakistan. The present study may guide policy makers in …This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and trade performance in Pakistan by using the … formulating a conclusive energy and trade policies for sustainable growth for long span of time. …

cointegration among the series. In the long run, trade openness promotes economic growth. The growth-led-trade hypothesis is …The study investigates the impact of trade openness on economic growth in the long run. We apply the ARDL bounds … development as an additional determinant of economic growth using the framework of Mankiw et al. (1992). The results confirm …

overemphasized. Many studies have shown a strong positive impact of trade on economic growth across developed and the emerging market …. However, very little is known about the simultaneous effect of trade and investment on growth in SSA when institutional … control variables are introduced in the model. Therefore, this study examines the role of trade and investment in the growth …

overemphasized. Many studies have shown a strong positive impact of trade on economic growth across developed and the emerging market …. However, very little is known about the simultaneous effect of trade and investment on growth in SSA when institutional … control variables are introduced in the model. Therefore, this study examines the role of trade and investment in the growth …

on economic growth is affected by wealth inequality.  The results suggest (a) that opening to trade tends to accelerate …Panel data on 54 developing countries between 1960 and 2000 are used to investigate how the impact of opening to trade … growth but (b) that the addition to growth depends inversely on the level of wealth inequality prior to opening.  These …

contributed to Austria's post-war growth and the evolution of its pattern of trade over time. The paper looks at two lessons for … small relative share of R&D in GDP. The paper uses insights from recent dynamic theories of trade to explain these three … the Austrian experience, industrial and trade policy for economies in transition is discussed. …

accessions often entail reforms that go beyond narrowly defined trade liberalization, and have to overcome fierce resistance in … the acceding countries, as reflected in protracted negotiations. We study the growth and investment consequences of WTO …

directly related to the level of external trade - which implies that commercial policy can affect economic growth. In … particular, unilateral trade liberalization may increase steady-state income growth in all countries. …, while introducing some modifications that transform it into an open economy endogenous growth model with knowledge …

We review the literature on the links between technology and international trade. The older literature assumed … exogenous technologies and focused on their effects on the structure of foreign trade and on welfare. Recently much of the … effort has been on explaining technological change. As a result, we also describe the effects of foreign trade on …