Up to one quarter of the world’s population is estimated to be landless, including 200 million people living in rural areas. For many of these people, the condition of landlessness threatens the enjoyment of a number of fundamental human rights. Access to land is important for development and...

The primary question that this research aims to answer is: how effective are the emergent norms and mechanisms to hold MNCs accountable for human rights violations, especially with regard to accountability for violations of economic, social and cultural rights in developing countries? The...

Although collective cultural rights are included in international human rights law, their precise place and their nature and significance are not well-explored or understood. This paper aims to show where collective cultural rights can be found in international human rights law and explore how...

There are fundamental public health challenges and trade–offs that need to be confronted for the achievement of the highest attainable standard of health and the sustainability agendas to be compatible. The trade–offs arise because, at a population level, the highest attainable standard of...

This article weighs up the arguments against justiciability of Economic Social Rights (ESRs). It emphasizes the importance of ESRs; stipulates that any argument against the legitimacy of judicial enforcement of ESRs is neither plausible nor supported by reality on ground; and seeks to cast doubt...

This chapter is focused on the challenges and implications of Articles 20(1), 21, 22, 24, and 44 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP; the Declaration). These provisions are centered on: the economic, social, and cultural (ESC) rights of indigenous...

This paper discusses whether the right to sanitation exists as an independent and internationally recognized human right in international law. It assesses if and how the right to sanitation constitutes a legally binding obligation on states by examining its existence in the two principle sources...

The contemporary human rights debate is mostly concerned with the protection of people affected by change that is beyond their control. But what about those who make use of their basic economic rights to facilitate economic and social change? Do these agents of change need protection and, if so,...

This article illustrates how the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) reversed its jurisprudence on adoption by single homosexual individuals, and describes the consequences of this decision within the French legal system