welfare impact are determined by international and regional negotiation costs, bargaining power, accession rule, and intra …Due to low bargaining power and scarce resources, small developing states face severe disadvantages in international …-bloc migration. The main findings are: (i) bloc formation likelihood, size, and benefit increase with international negotiation costs …

subsidies in an international duopoly model with unionised labour markets. We document both positive and negative spill …-over effects and discuss the benefits and costs from international policy coordination both for the case of symmetric and …

policies can thus entail spill-overs, which suggest that there are benefits from international policy coordination. This paper … studies the effects of wage subsidies in an international duopoly model with unionized labour markets. The authors document … both positive and negative spill-over effects and discuss the benefits and costs from international policy coordination …

trade in digitized ideas, shaping global value chains and production networks in cultural or creative goods and services …. However, much of this trade has eluded conventional categorization and new business models. In particular multinational firms … have blurred the way international transactions can be recorded and how this can be transformed into relevant statistics …