The cusp of the twentieth anniversary of the WTO Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (hereafter "the Declaration") was marked by a global pandemic. The Declaration and its iteration in the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereafter...

Indigenous diversities in international investment and trade / John Borrows -- Indigenous historic trade in the western hemisphere / Angelique EagleWoman (Wambdi A. Was'teWinyan) -- Indigenous peoples of Mexico at the crossroads : the human cost of continental trade / James Hopkins --...

On October 16, 2014, a new draft of the intellectual property chapter of the TransPacific Partnership (TPP) was leaked. The intellectual property chapter released in October contains a plant-related intellectual property provision proposed by the United States and Japan that could pose a serious...

This article explores the development of methodologies for human rights and right to health-specific impact assessment (RTHIA) of trade-related intellectual property rights. These methodologies seek to respond to the restrictive impact of international and bilateral trade rules on domestic and...

In this paper, the author argues that compulsory licenses might potentially amount to indirect expropriation provided that their effects constitute a severe curtailment of the patent rights. Inasmuch as the expropriation standards in BIAs differ from those articulated under the TRIPS Agreement,...

The upward-ratcheting of patent protection through trade agreements has generated significant concerns about potential effects on prices of drugs and access to medicines in developing countries. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) included even more extensive pharmaceutical patent provisions...