. In China, duty exemptions have been central to the process of trade reform and have led to a tremendous increase in … duty exemptions in the case of China's recent WTO accession will overstate the increase in China's trade flows by 40 … reductions, the larger the bias when duty drawbacks are ignored. The bias in the estimates of China's real GDP, trade flows and …

This paper explores the potential impacts on both China and other major countries of possible mega trade deals. These …-participation countries will lose. If non-tariff barriers are reduced more, the impacts will be larger. All effects to China on welfare, trade …, export and import are positive. Comparatively China-TPP and RCEP will yield the highest welfare outcomes for the US in our …