The study attempts to identify the dynamic relationship between trade, income growth, energy consumption and CO2 emissions for Pakistan. Johansen’s Cointegration procedure has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive model. The results reveal that...

This paper is an attempt to investigate the impact of services trade on economic development of Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries. Our analysis is based on a panel data framework over the period 1990 to 2010 covering thirty-three countries. The paper employs the endogenous growth model to...

This paper estimates the effect of trade liberalization on import performance of selected Latin American countries (which account for about 85 percent of total Latin America imports). The novelty of this study is that it applies a long-term approach covering the whole XX century using times...

Malaysian trade has been traced since the period of 1947 and she experienced great instability in its export earning due to the high degree of trade dependence in that time period. However this crisis eliminated and the economic development emerged when the government decided to diversify the...

The study empirically examines the role of trade openness and other determinants in explaining the intensity of energy use in Nigeria using annual data from 1981 to 2015. The paper uses an auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model in interpreting both long-run energy intensity as a co...

The study empirically examines the role of trade openness and other determinants in explaining the intensity of energy use in Nigeria using annual data from 1981 to 2015. The paper uses an auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model in interpreting both long-run energy intensity as a co...

What is the impact of the removal of barriers to trade on the firms' innovative activities? Does the increase in competition arising from trade reforms lead to increases in innovation? This paper attempts to examine the link between trade liberalization and innovation using firm panel data on...

Recent evidence suggests that despite opening up a country for trade, the productivity gap between developed and emerging economies often does not close. This paper examines credit constraints as one channel held responsible for hampering convergence. Specifically, we extend a Melitz and...

Trade liberalization is no Pareto-improvement - there are winners (high-skilled) and losers (low-skilled). To compensate the losers the government is assumed to introduce unemployment benefits (UB). These benefits are financed by either a wage tax, a payroll tax, or a profit tax. Using a...