-maker would respond to lower world prices by reducing tariff protection for an import-competing industry. An initial tariff that …

This paper investigates the link between published tariff rates and realized tariff rates using Indian inter … is difficult to calculate the actual implications of changes in the published tariff rate. …

measures', we find evidence of a substitution of non-tariff measures for tariffs both in the sample of TBT and in the sample of … in a given sector is affected by past reductions in applied tariffs. Employing an identification strategy based on 'new …. These results are consistent with our theoretical model, which predicts policy substitution between tariffs and standards in …

Market access negotiations in merchandise trade at the multilateral level cover tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs …). While tariffs have been substantially reduced in earlier rounds, they remain high in certain areas and further reductions …

On 1 January 2024, Switzerland will implement a major trade policy reform by autonomously eliminating all tariffs on … liberalization and the current Swiss tariff landscape, this paper presents the motivation and the substance of the reform. The … elimination of industrial tariffs will reduce the net fiscal burden on imports by around CHF 600 million per year. In addition …

that countries do vary tariffs. Most importantly, we find evidence that applied tariffs of tariff lines that are bound are … political economy determinants of tariffs and to factors related to the economic cycle. -- water in the tariff ; weak … in which traders operate.Binding tariffs at the WTO reduces the scope for their discretionary use. But, countries have …