A pivotal factor to improving the economies of developing countries is to eliminate trade barriers and increase market access. This paper examines efforts at liberalizing trade in developing countries. It explains the various multilateral trade agreements and negotiations and analyses their...

In examining the effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the amounts of Aid for Trade (AfT) that accrue to developing countries, Lee et al. (2015) (The World Economy, 38, 2015 and 1462) have found that developing country members of the World Trade Organization (WTO)...

Despite the major advances in information technology that have shaped the recent wave of globalization, openness to trade is still a political choice, and trade policy can change with shifts in domestic political equilibria. This paper suggests that a particular threat and a limiting factor to...

This paper aims to analyze the implications for environmental sustainability of the recent phase of globalization. This phase, here called "new globalization", has been specifically characterized by the spreading of the new economy that has accelerated the globalization of markets, and by the...

This draft chapter examines the embedded liberalism compromise in the context of the GATT and Uruguay Round agreements. It also briefly addresses possible examples of embedded liberalism in the current international economic law environment. The term “embedded liberalism” was coined by John...

In the last ten years, there has been a sea change in trade and related policies in emerging markets. This results from autonomous reforms undertaken in conjunction with macro-economic stabilization programmes. Many non-tariff measures have been eliminated and tariffs, now the principal trade...

More than 170 years ago, Frédéric Bastiat noted in his masterly work Economic Sophisms that the “opposition to free trade rests upon errors, or, if you prefer, upon half-truths.”1 Ever since Adam Smith successfully replaced mercantilist orthodoxy with free trade doctrine in his celebrated...