trade policies also play a role. For instance, tariffs on intermediate inputs are found to adversely affect trade with this … tariffs. The forward-looking analysis suggests that over the next 50 years, the geographical centre of trade will continue to …

trade policies also play a role. For instance, tariffs on intermediate inputs are found to adversely affect trade with this … tariffs. The forward-looking analysis suggests that over the next 50 years, the geographical centre of trade will continue to …

Do tariffs inhibit trade flows by limiting the entry of exporting firms ('extensive margin') or by restricting the … tariffs promoted during the 1990s by the Uruguay Round multilateral trade agreement affected the trade margins of French firms …-varying tariffs as a measure of variable trade costs. Our results show that the number of firms exporting in a given sector to a given …

factors have influenced the pattern of tariffs or tariff reductions since the early 1990s. One result does appear frequently … average tariffs and in the dispersion of rates, with larger proportional reductions for higher tariffs – consistent with …

in a given sector is affected by past reductions in applied tariffs. Employing an identification strategy based on 'new … measures', we find evidence of a substitution of non-tariff measures for tariffs both in the sample of TBT and in the sample of …. These results are consistent with our theoretical model, which predicts policy substitution between tariffs and standards in …

data on tariffs and trade covering 130 countries. We show that regionalism has delivered limited effective liberalization …