with both the predictions of the literature of international trade and the pattern of Brazil's industrialization. Yet, they …

the relationship between the prices implying the standard estimates are biased. We model coffee prices in Brazil …The standard approach to modelling the relationship between world and producer prices of coffee does not incorporate …, Guatemala and India allowing for the structural breaks and show that the liberalisation of coffee markets has benefited …

nominal tariffs on firms' productivity levels is identified. After controlling for the endogeneity of nominal tariffs, the … estimated coefficient for tariffs in the productivity equation turns out to be negative. Second, a measure of tariffs on inputs … is added in the productivity equation. The coefficient associated with tariffs on inputs is also negative, and the …

nominal tariffs on firms' productivity levels is identified. After controlling for the endogeneity of nominal tariffs, the … estimated coefficient for tariffs in the productivity equation turns out to be negative. Second, a measure of tariffs on inputs … is added in the productivity equation. The coefficient associated with tariffs on inputs is also negative, and the …