There have been many successful attempts to analyse most of the rules and principles that make up the substance of the international law of foreign investment. There is, however, a lack of a general theory, or, at least, a tool which would allow us to analyse, compare, and make sense of this...

Pre-establishment national treatment with a negative list is gradually becoming the “new normal” in Chinese international investment law. The history of China's approach to national treatment in Chinese international investment agreements (IIAs) can be divided into three stages: First,...