transitions, urban women's employment has refused to budge, never crossing the 25 percent mark. This paper fills a critical gap in … policy research on women's employment in India. The discussion is situated in the normative construction of motherhood and … looks at household structure, and analyzes the effects of other household members on women's labor supply. The results show …

ability of a spouse to deny permission for the other to work outside the home, and raising women's minimum age of marriage …. Thus both access to resources and the removal of restrictions on employment served to strengthen women's bargaining … of the reform's impact. The analysis finds that women were relatively more likely to work in occupations that require …