We use miscarriage as a biological shock to fertility in order to estimate the causal impact of motherhood on labor …

increase fertility but decrease employment, while a decrease in childcare costs for employed women would increase both …We present a dynamic life-cycle model of women's labor supply, marriage, and fertility choices that explicitly … forms of health on other life dynamics, with better mental health having stronger impacts on marriage and fertility outcomes …

eligibility for extended parental leave and geographical variation in formal childcare. We find that estimated treatment effects … on long-term child outcomes differ substantially according to the availability of formal childcare and the mother … capital outcomes only if the reform induces a replacement of informal childcare with maternal care. We conclude that care …

eligibility for extended parental leave and geographical variation in formal childcare. We find that estimated treatment effects … on long-term child outcomes differ substantially according to the availability of formal childcare and the mother … capital outcomes only if the reform induces a replacement of informal childcare with maternal care. We conclude that care …

eligibility for extended parental leave and geographical variation in formal childcare. We find that estimated treatment e.ects on … long-term child outcomes di.er substantially according to the availability of formal childcare and the mother … capital outcomes only if the reform induces a replacement of informal childcare with maternal care. We conclude that care …

eligibility for extended parental leave and geographical variation in formal childcare. We find that estimated treatment effects … on long-term child outcomes differ substantially according to the availability of formal childcare and the mother … capital outcomes only if the reform induces a replacement of informal childcare with maternal care. We conclude that care …

eligibility for extended parental leave and geographical variation in formal childcare. We find that estimated treatment effects … on long-term child outcomes differ substantially according to the availability of formal childcare and the mother … capital outcomes only if the reform induces a replacement of informal childcare with maternal care. We conclude that care …

Supporting working mothers to balance their work and childcare responsibilities is a central objective of maternal and … development. The leave policies can also influence women's fertility choices, as well as household specialization and husbands …