, and reimbursed by the health authorities. Balance billing is known for restricting access to physicians' services while …Some countries allow physicians to balance bill patients, that is, to bill a fee above the one that is negotiated with … physicians' services. It also shows that supplemental insurance against the expenses associated with balance billing, rather than …

, Medicare's regulatory externalities are less well-understood. We study such implications by examining how physicians …

, Medicare's regulatory externalities beyond fee-setting are less well understood. We study how physicians' outpatient surgery …. Specifically, physicians became 70% more likely to use ASCs for the policy-targeted procedure among their non-Medicare patients …