Travel restrictions are often imposed to limit the spread of infectious diseases. As uniform restrictions can be inefficient and incur unnecessarily high costs, this paper examines the optimal design of restrictions that target specific travel routes. We propose a model with trade-offs between...

How has government healthcare spending prepared countries for tackling the COVID19 pandemic? Arguably, spending is the primary policy tool of governments in providing effective health. We argue that the effectiveness of spending in reducing COVID deaths is conditional on the existence of...

This article presents the situation of public health in the 19th century Greece, with an emphasis on the financing of lazarettos. Due to "ignorance" and lack of therapeutic means and hospitals, isolation was the predominant practice for dealing with illness, both on the level of local society...