Regulators are testing many payment reforms to improve US healthcare productivity. The vast majority of these reforms allow market participants to opt in rather than mandating participation. Allowing choice can enhance outcomes if firms select contracts based on unobserved treatment gains....

Voluntary participation is a central feature of reforms being tested across US healthcare. Allowing choice can enhance effects if participants sort on unobserved treatment gains. However, selection may also bias program evaluation, misleading policymakers. We study this trade-off in the case of...

Die "Performance" eines Gesundheitswesens, aber auch jede "Gesundheitsreform" kann nur anhand bestimmter Kriterien beurteilt werden. Hierzu zählen mindestens die "Nachhaltigkeit der Finanzierung", die "Effizienz der Leistungserbringung und der Abdeckung des Krankheitsrisikos" sowie ein...