economy and population while overcoming previous underinvestment in the health system by the central and local governments. We … health and healthcare interventions, as previously defined in the literature. Based on analysis of mortality data, by cause …-10 and compare Shanghai’s experience to other mega-city regions – New York, London and Paris. Population health status …

: health improvements as measured by avoidable mortality since 2000” has spurred this commentary. We discuss controversial … issues surrounding the concept of avoidable mortality in health service research in general and Gusmano’s study in particular … might be undervalued, too. More critically, the shape and magnitude of emerging health issues in Shanghai, such as accidents …

combination of public health measures, rising living standards, and new medical knowledge all played their part in this. Even if … AMR increases, the continuing effect of these factors and of new public health measures can limit the negative …