Thermal response tests conducted to assess the subsurface thermal conductivity for the design of ground-coupled heat pump systems require a power source of about 7–12kW to heat water circulating in a ground heat exchanger. This high power is commonly supplied with a fuel-fired generator, which...

The optimization of the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is one of the key elements for increasing the efficiency of combined plants. According to the current technical practice, it can be organized at different levels of complexity with objectives sequentially defined: operating parameters,...

Exergy has proved to be a useful tool to analyze and optimize the design and operation of many systems. Some studies on helium refrigerators and liquefiers based on exergy are available in literature. In this paper, systematic evaluation of important operating and geometric parameters has been...