This paper is the first to present a two-stage peer group benchmarking approach to evaluate the performance of hedge funds. We present different ways of orthogonalizing the peer group benchmarks and discuss their general properties. We then orthogonalize the relevant benchmarks against...

Hedge funds have the most sophisticated risk management practices; however, hedge funds also appear to have a short lifetime relative to other managed funds. In this study, we investigate the failure probabilities of hedge funds — particularly the failures due to financial distress. We...