This paper examines the value of hedge fund activism from the perspective of activist hedge funds' investors. On average, an activist hedge fund's equity holdings of intervention targets do not perform differently from its own non-target holdings. However, its target holdings outperform its...

This paper examines the effectiveness of hedge fund activism in preventing corporate policy deviations. Whereas previous studies focus on policy changes in target firms after intervention, I examine proactive policy changes in all firms that face a threat of intervention. Using mutual fund fire...