This article is concerned with the hedging effectiveness of futures contracts whose underlying asset is an index, when the structure of this index is changing. The case of the freight futures (BIFFEX) contract is examined here. Investigation of this issue is particularly interesting as the...

This paper estimates time-varying and constant hedge ratios, and investigates their performance in reducing freight rate risk in routes 1 and 1A of the Baltic Freight Index. Time-varying hedge ratios are generated by a bivariate error correction model with a GARCH error structure. We also...

Time-varying hedge ratios have been found successful in reducing spot market risk in different commodity and financial futures markets. This article extends the empirical evidence by investigating the same question for a futures market based on services, the Baltic International Freight Futures...