The causal relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global temperature is well established, but the degree of sensitivity of future temperature rise to both existing levels of CO2 and continued carbon emissions is still subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Governments have...

While the question of the trillions of dollars required to both mitigate and adapt to climate change is more pressing now than ever, only a financial mechanism can scale up capital to such an extent. However, climate risk represents the inability to predict the global mean surface temperature...

With short-term and seasonal variations filtered out, the data for the climate is closer to stationary, predictable for some time in the future and can be approximated with a Markov process, thus demonstrating that climate and weather time series exhibit diffeing characteristics. Hence, based on...

As part of a new approach to dealing with flood risk, we demonstrate that index-based derivatives can provide a hedge to protect sea front developers and governments against financial disruption in the aftermath of adverse climate events by allowing risks to be transferred between entities...