Public health agencies and medical organizations have increased their relentless efforts to control the outbreaks of mosquitoes causing West Nile disease epidemics with the re-emergence of deadly disease in the United States. Such measures include a large-scale spray operation of insecticides...

In a conventional dial-a-ride-system passengers are moved with the same vehicle between their pickup and their drop-off location. In a dial-a-ride-system with transfer, it is possible (or even standard) that passengers change the vehicle once or several times. Transfer Scheduling Constraints...