This paper explores how an individual's participation in higher education is dependent upon her religious affiliations, socio-economic status, and demographic characteristics. It argues that an appropriate measure of 'deficits' in participation should inform the nature and scope of affirmative...

While quota based and other affirmative action remains on the policy radar of nations faced with social inequalities, there is limited evidence informing policy choices at the national level. This paper estimates the mid-term impact of quota-based affirmative action in higher education (HE) in...