This article aims at highlighting the issue of recognition and valuation of assets in the relationship between earnings management and financing choices. This issue has been addressed from a historical approach. The use of history is justified by the characteristics of the period: opening...

Theoretical explanations of the decision to outsource typically range from functionalism (search for efficiency) to institutionalism (search for legitimacy). Up to date, most empirical studies on the subject have been carried out relying on secondary data sources and are generally inspired by...