This chapter reviews key literature studying the effects of wars on minority and underrepresented groups in U.S. labor markets in the 20th century. These labor markets, characterized by historically pervasive barriers to entry into certain occupations and industries, promotions, and fair pay for...

Encountering America -- Gender, economic opportunities, and Italian woman worker in Endicott -- Gender, economic opportunities, and Italian businesswomen in Milwaukee -- Female professionals in the immigrant community : Italian-trained midwives