Research summary We argue that interrelated processes of knowledge codification and uncertainty reduction lead to the contraction of vertical firm boundaries of new high technology ventures over time. Consistent with our arguments we show that, over time, the outsourcing of R&D is slower than...

We study the level of market competition as a determinant for the propensity of cooperation between startups entering new markets and incumbents operating in these markets. We provide ample empirical evidence suggesting that startups and incumbents are more likely to cooperate in the...