Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine gender portrayal in food and beverage advertisements in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 45 commercials produced locally in Hong Kong and 45 commercials produced in a Western country were separately coded for ten content...

Turkish groceries and fast food restaurants, Chinese barbecues, Pakistani kiosks, Iranian pizzerias and carpet stores, Arabic kebab houses, erotic artists from Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, exchange agencies across Denmark and many other EU countries, a growing number of wholesale...

Purpose – The study attempts to identify the common attributes of the physical retail outlets favored by Hong Kong youths and to assess the relative importance of “hard” and “soft” aspects of the retail marketing mix in appealing to this consumer segment. Design/methodology/approach...

This paper compares the promotional practices and perceptions between two countries of disparate cultural backgrounds, namely Australia and Hong Kong. The paper argues that the preference for a particular promotional tool is influenced by the degree of cultural orientation as measured by...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the difference in consumer attitudes towards fashion brand extensions (FBEs) between designer labels (DLs) and mass‐market labels (MLs) in Hong Kong. The authors investigate in depth the factors that would affect consumers' evaluations...

Purpose – A case study of Marks and Spencer (M&S) in Hong Kong is used to explore aspects of the retail internationalisation process. Design/methodology/approach – The case study is developed from four main sources. First, national and trade press commentary on M&S's internationalisation....

Examines the environment hostility‐planning‐performance relationship of Hong Kong retailers. A positive relationship is found between environment hostility and the threats encompassed by the existing labour shortage, rising rents, foreign‐based competition, the 1997 return to Chinese...

This paper attempts to study the motives behind a Hong Kong‐Japanese joint venture between two retailers from the perspectives of firm‐specific advantages provided by both partners of the international joint ventures (IJVs). The analysis focuses on the local partner’s motives and how the...

This study examines and compares the employment strategy used by Japanese and British retail companies in Hong Kong. Hendry’s structured employment systems model is adopted as the theoretical framework for this research. Three case companies – Morioka and Okadaya (Japanese‐owned) and...

This study focuses on a unique retail outlet location decision‐making problem found in business format franchising industries. The problem is derived from the latent conflict in the relationship between franchisor and franchisees. An empirical study was carried out to compare benefits of two...