migrants regarding non-migrants. We develop a static model of asymmetric information that contrasts altruism, pressure and … exchange as motives to transfer. The model makes predictions about the correlations between misperceptions and transfers under … these competing explanations. Testing these predictions in the data gives support to the model of transfers under pressure …

interhousehold transfers. Russian households have experienced large reductions in income during the post-Soviet transition period … group, we actually find that transfers flow strongly from the elderly to their adult children, whom are typically in the … elderly in rural areas. While households with higher longer-term resources receive on net more transfers, we also find strong …