the one hand, there is evidence that the way differences in needs across households are taken into account has a … properties - invariant to modifications of the relative (marginal) distributions of needs and income across households, then the …

The strength of the relationship between low wages and household needs has become an important measure of the … effectiveness of Australia's employment safety net. This paper reviews the recent treatment of the needs issue in safety net minimum … financial stress. A safety net maintained partly on the basis of a ‘needs' criterion should be especially focused on the …

poverty from rural areas to large cities. First, a simple bifurcation of population in terms of poor and non-poor sub … merely transfer rural poverty to urban areas, and further that population mobility yields improvement in the living standard …