. This paper examines how and how well households in pre-modern Japan reallocated land and labor, using a population register …In agricultural societies, adjusting land and labor according to changes of labor endowment that result from family … life cycle events is premised on making full use of resources for each farming household and for the economy as a whole …

Panel (2010/2011, 2012/3013 and 2015/2016 to examine the nature of household employment. By exploiting the panel nature of …Despite the extensive literature on rural poverty outcome, the labour employment channel has not been carefully … investigated for rural Nigeria. The paper used the socioeconomic data from the three waves of the Nigerian General Household Survey …

' employment, accounting for the complexity of measuring rural women's labor force participation, as well as data on social … have expanded access to markets and accelerated production for some farmers. At the same time, rural areas globally are … facing a growing base of landless and smallholder farmers, out-migration to urban areas, and persistence of low …