Improving electricity access in low-income countries is a challenging problem because of the high costs of grid … extension and low demand for grid electricity in rural areas. This study elucidates these constraints by analyzing poor … households' willingness-to-pay for different types of electricity access, including lower cost off-grid technologies. The …

Photovoltaic systems generate electricity around noon, when many homes are empty. Conversely, residential electricity … information feedback and financial rewards, we encourage households to shift electricity consumption toward the middle of the day …